Sizing and dyeing of textiles



Patented June 4, 1935 v y Uu TED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

William Whitehead, Cumberland, Md., assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a. corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application mm 3, 193a,

Serial No. 692,031

12'Clalms." (01. 8-5) This inventionrelates to the sizing and dyeing ments are coated with sizing materials prior to v of threads and textile materials. The invention twisting to a very high twist for the purpose of specifically relates to the process of treating texproducing yarns which contract and distort in tiles such that after processing to a fabric the subsequent processing, imparting a finish to the sizing may be removed from the fabric simulfabric which is known as crepe. taneously with the dyeing operation. The materials that are generally added to the An object of the invention is a method of yarn as a size have usually been gelatins with or processing atextile or fabric in a more economical without hydroscopic and lubricating. material, manner than heretofore used. Other objects. of starches, gums, salts of resin acids and glycerides, 0 the invention will be apparent from the following etc. When employing any of the above types of description. sizes to the yarn employed in the manufacture In accordance with my invention I treat a yarn, of fabrics and similar textile materials, it is preferably beforeweaving, with a size and/or usually necessary prior to dyeing the materials -lubricant to aid in the processing of the textile. to scour thoroughly to remove such sizing mate-.-

15 This size is selected for its solubility in amedium, rials. In the removal of some of the sizes, or-

which medium is to be compatible with the dye ganic solvents have to be employed for example intended to be used. The finished fabric is then the resinous salts type of size. Also, the applica-. scoured free of its size and dyed in one operation tion of the gelatinous and starch sizes which may by scouringin the medium, containing the dye, be applied to the yarn from an aqueous media,

to dissolve-the size on the fabric and at the same involves care to insure homogeneous application time add the color fromthe medium. and rapid drying to prevent stretching and weak My inventionis applicable to yarns of cotton, ening of the yarns.

wool, real silk, flax, artificial yarns of organicde- In the process of my invention the of rivatives of cellulose or-reconstituted cellulose or scouring and dyeing are the same, thereby elimithe like by applying to the same a size selected nating the extra baths, etc., where scouring had 25 A I according to the dye to be employed. to be done prior to dyeing. By my invention The invention is applicable to the treatment of securing and" dyeing may be conducted simulyams or filaments, .under which terms are intaneously and level dyeing obtained. By my in-' cluded, threads, assemblies or bundles of a numvention-the sizes may be applied to the yarns ber of continuous filaments which may be in parin the cold and without wetting thereby elimiallelrelat'ionship or which may be twisted tonating the dangers of weakening and stretching gether; artificial bristles, straws, short lengths of which accompany size applied with heat and from staple fibres, or yarn spun from such staple fibres. aqueous media.

The invention is also applicable to fabrics and In accordance with my invention'the materials articles made from any of the various types and I employ in the-size are solublein organic solvents 35 textures of yarns'or filaments or a mixture of andare preferably applied'to the yarnsin solution the same. of such solvents. The organic solvents properly This invention is particularly'of importance in chosen do not-have a weakening action on the connection with the treatment of yarns, filaments yarns oi filaments and as far as can be deter- 40 or fabrics made of organic derivatives 'of cellumined from the measurements of. the specific lose such as organic esters of cellulose and celgravity of the yarns when immersed in such solvlulose ethers. Examples of organic esters of cclents and the strengthof the yarns or filaments lulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, when wetted by such solvents th yarns and cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, while. filaments do not absorb such solvents except to examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, a very small extent. 45

methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose. The solutions of solvent and size may be ap- In the weaving and otherwise fabricating of plied in any ofthe conventional methods, such as textile fabrics, it is frequently necessary to coat hank dipping or sizing of warps on the type of the yarn employed with a sizing material which machineknown as the slasher sizer. I also find causes the filaments comprising the yarn to adit economical and practical to apply the sizes to 50 here together and also to act as a protective coat. a yarn during its passage toa package in one of v ing and lubricant. This sizing enables the yarns the winding operations especially the initial windor filamentsto resist tensioning and chafling acing operation; this may be by tions of the mechanism of the weaving o'r fabri- ,means of a wick, roller, rotating etc. Whereeating devices. Frequently also, the yarns or filawool, cotton or other staple'yarns are concerned, 5

it is preferable to apply the size during the final spinning operation or when the thread is drawn and twisted to its final. size. 1

It is preferable to allow the yarn to pass through-a distance of 1 to 4 feet, according to the solvent used, after application of the size. and before the yarn is taken up on the winding bobbin, hank or other package, to permit partial drying to occur by volatilization of the solvent. This drying may be hastened by installation of heating devices which may or may not contact with the yarn. It is also preferable for hygienic working conditions and economies in recovering the solvent to employ hoods and aspirators to remove thesolvent as it evaporates from the yarn.

I may employ any dye which will color the particular material being treated. It is preferable that the dyes, for use on synthetic filaments should be unaffected by the organic solvents used in' removin g the size or compounds liberated or formed at such a time.

Examples of suitable sizes and their solvents tobe applied according to my invention are:

Vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, or other partially polymerized vinyl compounds such as the inorganic vinyl esters, vinyl chloride, bromide etc. These sizes may be applied to the yarn or filament from such solvents as benzol, toluol etc., ifthe yarns contain cellulose ethers or esters. To all other textile yarns, the size may be applied to same from an acetone solution.

Polyvinyl alcohol.This may be applied to the yarns or filaments from alcohol or aqueous alcohol solutions and when thus applied is particularly suitable for use upon cellulosic, silk or wool I a size and solvent therefor are "selected with bath. The dyeing operation thus carried out si-".

which'the yarn or filament is treated. After processing the yarn or filament to fabrics or other articles they are scoured in a bath containing a solvent for the size and a dyostuih As the.

size is removed from the yarns and filaments they are dyed by the dyestuif irrthescouring multaneously with the removal of size and cleaning operation is especially applicable to fabrics containing yarns comprising cellulose esters and/or ethers, but it is nevertheless, applicable to fabrics made solely of other fibres.

By way of illustrating my invention still further but not with the intention of limiting its scope thereby, I give'the following specific examples- V Example I A yarn of 150 denier, during a winding opera tion, is caused to contact with a roll dipping in a trough containing a 6% solution of substantially unpolymeriaed vinyl acetate in toluene thereby coating the yarn with approximately 5% vinyl acetate. The vinyl acetate is caused to poly-' merizeontheyambyexposuretolight This yarn is woven into a fabric which is subjected to.

a and dyeing treatmenton ajig in 8,

bath containing 5% dimethyl amino anthraquinone in benzol at 65 C. Such treatment effectively removes'most of the vinyl acetate and dyes the fabric a blue shade.

Example II -A yarn 'or 150 denier is treated with a 40% solution of triethanolamine abietate in toluene.' A coating of approximately 6% of triethanolamine abietate is placed on the yarn. The yarn is formed into a fabric which is scoured and dyed in a water bath.

Example 111 A viscose yarn of 75 denier is coated with ap proximately 6% of partially polymerized vinyl alcohol from a solution of vinyl alcohol in meth anol. A fabric woven from this yarn is scoured in a methanol bath containing 3% chlorazol green. This treatment eifectively removes the vinyl alcohol and dyes the fabric green.

Eivample IV I A cellulose acetate yarn is coated with approximately 6% of nitrocellulose from a 5% solution of nitrocellulose dissolved in a 50/50 mixture of amyl acetate and amyl alcohol. A fabric woven from the yarn is scoured in a 50/50 mixture of amyl acetateand amyl alcohol with -of p-nitro-benzene-azodimethyl aniline. The fabric' so treated is effectively scoured freeof nitrocellulose and is dyed orange.

Example V Example I is repeated substituting natural silk for the cellulose yarn and a 1% rosaniline hydrochloride solution in acetone for the 5% dimethyl' amino anthraquinone in benzol. The fabric in this case is cleansed and dyed a scarlet shade.

Example VI Example l! is repeated using a wool yarn in place of the silk with substantially the same results.

Obviously l may employ a mixture of sizes,

also fabrics comprising yarns sized with diifer.-

ent materials may be constructed. Thus crossdyeing is possible; for example fabrics comprising wool and cotton may be sized with vinyl alcohol and the finished fabric scoured in an alcohol bath containing both chlorazol green and rosanlvline hydrochloride thus in one operation freeing the fabric from stains, dirt, and sizing material, dyeing the cotton part of the fabric green and dyeing the wool part of the fabric scarlet.

It is to be understoodthat the I de- 'taiied description is merely given byway of illmtration and many alterations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention. -Havingdescribedmyinvention,what1desi're to secure by tters Patent is! LInaprocessfortheproducflonoftextfle materials of improved properties, the step which C prises treating textile materials an organic derivative of cellulose and having a sizethereoninabathcoritainlmadyestuffand an organic solvent for the size, whereby the ten-- tiledmaterials are simultaneously and dye 2. In a process for the production of' te xtfle materials of improved properties, the step which comprises treating textile materialscomprising cellulose acetate and having a sine thereon in a bath containing a dyestuif and an organic solvent for the size, whereby'the textile materials are simultaneously de-sized and dyed.

solved in an organic solvent which is also a solvent for the size .whereby the textile materials are simultaneously de-sized and dyed. 4 I 4. In a process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, the step which comprises treating textile materials comprising cellulose acetate and having a size thereon in a bath containing a dyestufi dissolved in an organic solvent which is also a solvent for the size whereby the textile materials are simultaneously desized and dyed.

5; Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises applying a size from a solution of the same in an organic solvent to textile materials comprising an organic derivative of cellulose, processing the sized textile materials and treating the same in a bath containing a dyestuif and an organic solvent for the size whereby the materials are simultaneously de-sized and dyed.

6. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises applying a size from a solution of the same in an organic solvent to textile materials comprising cellulose acetate, processing the size'd textile materials and treating the same in a bathcontaining a dyestufi and an organic solvent for the size whereby the materials are simultaneously desized and dyed.

'7. Process for the production of textile mate-,'

rials of improved properties; which comprises applying a size to textile materials comprising yarns of an organic derivative of cellulose and yarnsoi a different substance, processing the sized textile materials and treating the same in a bath containing a dyestufi having an aflinity only for the organic derivative of cellulose, a dyestufi having an aflinity only for said diflerent substance and an organic solvent for the size whereby the textile materials are simultaneously de-sized and dyed.

8. Process for theproduction of textile mate-- rials of improved properties, which comprises applying a size to textile materials comprising yarns of cellulose acetate and yarns of a diflerent substance, processing the sized textile materials and treating the same in a bath containing a dyestuif having an affinity only for the cellulose acetate, a dyestuil' having an afllnity only for said diflerent substance and an organic solvent for the size whereby the textile materials are de-sized and dyed.

9. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises ap-' plying a size to textile materials comprising yarns of cellulose acetate and wool yarns, processing the sized textile materials and treating the same in a bath containing a dyestuff having an affinity only for the cellulose acetate, a dyestuil' having an afiinity only for said wool yarns and an organic solvent for the size whereby the textile materials are simultaneously de-sized and dyed.

10. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises applying a size from a solution of the same in an yarns of an organic derivative of cellulose and yarns of a difierent substance, processing the sized textile materials and treating the same in a bath containing a dyestufl. having an amnity simultaneously organic solvent to textile materials comprising only for the organic derivative of cellulose, a dye-' stufl having an affinity only for said different substance and an organic solvent for the size whereby the textile materials are simultaneously dee sized and dyed.

11. Process for the production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises applying a size from a solution of the same in an organic solvent to textile materials comprising yarns of cellulose acetate and yarns of a diflerent substance, processing the sized textile materials and treating the same in a bath containing a dyestufl? having an afllnity only for the cellulose acetate, a dyestuif having an aflinity only for said different substance and an organic solvent for the size whereby the textile materials are simultaneously de-sized and dyed.

. 12. Process forthe'production of textile materials of improved properties, which comprises applying a size from a solution of the samein an organic solvent to textile materials comprising yarns of cellulose acetate and wool yarns, processing the sized textile materials and treating the same in a bath containing a dyestutl. having an affinity only for the cellulose acetate, a dyestuil' having an aflinity only for said wool yarns and an organic solvent for the size' whereby the textile materials are simultaneously de-sized and dyed.

WILLIAM WHI'IEHEAD. 

